Hydroxyapatite Synthesis Methodologies: An Overview

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is the emerging most bioceramic, which is widely used in various biomedical applications, mainly in orthopedics and dentistry due to its close similarities with inorganic mineral component of bone and teeth. Synthetic HAp is known to be similar to naturally occurring HAp on the basis of crystallographic and chemical studies. Several methodologies have been investigated and developed for the synthesis of HAp. But, new economic and versatile methods for HAp synthesis are of interest due to its immense importance and wide utilization in biomedical applications. This review presents various well known methodologies for HAp synthesis like precipitation technique, sol-gel approach, hydrothermal technique, multiple emulsion technique, biomimetic deposition technique, electrodeposition technique etc.